<p>The Hinton Historic District is a national historic district located at Hinton, Summers County, West Virginia. The original Hinton Historic District is bordered roughly by the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad line, James Street, 5th Avenue, and Roundhouse. The boundary increase extended the district to include Mill Street. It encompasses 212 contributing buildings, one contributing structure , and two contributing objects . They include the business and commercial core of Hinton and surrounding residential areas. The buildings are largely two and three story with first floor commercial activities with offices and apartments above. Many of the buildings feature stone trim and some have cast iron store fronts. Residential buildings are representative of popular late 19th- and early 20th-century architectural styles. Notable buildings include the Wagon Wheel Restaurant , Summers County Library, R.R. Flanagan Building , Lowe Furniture Company Building , former National Bank of Summers building, O. Ike Keaton residence , Bluestone Tire Company building , C&O Railway Passenger Station, Y.M.C.A. , First Baptist Church , Hotel McCreery , Ewart-Miller Building , McCreery / Palmer residence, Carnegie Library, Summers County Jail , and USA Post Office . Located in the district is the separately listed Summers County Courthouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 and revised in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Col. James Graham House is a historic log cabin located on West Virginia Route 3 in Lowell, West Virginia. It was built in 1770 as a home for Col. James Graham, the first settler of Lowell, and his family. It was later the site of an Indian attack on the Graham family in 1777. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 16, 1976. It is currently operating as a museum.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>James Graham and his family built the cabin in 1770 after migrating to the area from elsewhere in Virginia. As the Grahams were the first permanent settlers in the region, the Graham House became the first established home in what is now Summers County. The log house, with a 25 by exterior, was significantly larger than other pioneer cabins of the period. The Graham family settled into a life of farming in the home upon its completion. In 1777, Indians attacked the Graham House, killing Col. Grahams son John, a neighbor of the Grahams named McDonald, and a young slave boy as well as kidnapping Col. Grahams daughter Elizabeth. The family did not successfully ransom Elizabeth until 1785.</p><br>
<p>The Graham House remained in the Graham family until 1860. After 1860, several other families inhabited the cabin, including Col. Wilson Lively&#39;s family and Mr. and Mrs. Lewis E. Barickman. The last residents of the house (from 1976 - 1986) were Eileen and Bill Muhly, Jr. and their six children. The youngest two, twins Mary Elizabeth and James Arthur Bertram were born while the family resided there. The house is currently owned by the Graham House Preservation Society and operated as a museum.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Graham House is notable as being a particularly large house compared to other log cabins of the period. The exterior of the house measures 25 ft by 28 ft, and the cabin consists of two floors and an attic, including a 12 ft ceiling. The house is built of poplar, walnut, and oak logs, with stones used as additional supports. Large stone chimneys are located at either end of the house. The house was likely built with a single door and no windows, but an additional door and several windows were added at a later date. The first floor consists of a single room, and at one point was split into three rooms; the second floor has three rooms. The house&#39;s original outbuildings were eventually replaced by additions on the north side of the house, the latest of which was built in the 1970s and includes bathing and kitchen areas.</p><br>
<p>The Old Post Office and Courthouse is a historic courthouse and former post office located at 157 Genessee Street in Auburn, New York. It was built in 1888–1890 and was designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, Mifflin E. Bell, in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. The limestone-and-brick building was expanded in 1913–1914, designed by James M. Elliot, and again in 1937. It serves as a courthouse of the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York. The massive, asymmetrical, -story main block  includes a 3-story tower at the southwest corner, a -story stair tower, and two massive Richardsonian Romanesque–style entrances.</p><br>
<p>The building was surplussed by the Federal government in the 1980s and acquired by Cayuga County. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Parker&#39;s Buildings is a block of flats off the north side of Foregate Street , Chester, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The flats were built in 1888–89 for the 1st Duke of Westminster. Their building was supervised by the Dukes nephew and agent, Cecil Parker, and named after him. The building still stands and continues to be used as flats, having been refurbished in 1982 by S. J. Lomas for the Northern Counties Housing Association. Douglas biographer, Edward Hubbard, states that this design is a "rare departure from his usual building types".</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building is constructed in common brick, with dressings in red Ruabon brick, and diapering in blue brick. It comprises 30 flats in three storeys. The south side of the building, facing Foregate Street, has three asymmetrical bays. The middle bay contains an open basket arch in each storey. On the ground floor the arch forms an entrance porch; on the upper floors the arches form balconies with wrought iron railings. At the top is a gable with three ball finials. Over the entrance arch is a stone panel inscribed with the date 1889 and "Parker&#39;s Buildings". On each floor is a three-light window in the left bay, and a one-light window at a lower level in the right bay. The flats stretch behind this front, with five flats to each storey on each side. Around the building, between the ground and first floor is a string course, and between the upper storeys is a corbel table. Tall brick chimneys rose from the roof. The stairways on the sides are exposed to the exterior, but are contained within the building.</p><br>
<p>Parker&#39;s Buildings is set back from the street. The approach is flanked by two three-storey buildings designed by Douglas and Fordham. Each includes a shop at ground level and above this the buildings are in red brick with blue diapering, stone dressings and shaped gables. Both buildings are listed Grade II.</p><br>
<p>The General Jose de San Martin Memorial is an equestrian statue memorial of Argentine general and independence leader José de San Martín in Washington, D.C., United States.</p><br>
<p>The memorial is located at Virginia Avenue and 20th Street N.W. in the Foggy Bottom, Washington, D.C., near the United States Department of State.</p><br>
<p>The memorial was sculpted by Augustin-Alexandre Dumont beginning in 1924. It is a replica of an original located at the Plaza San Martín in Buenos Aires. The memorial was a gift to the United States from Argentina and was dedicated on October 28, 1925. President Calvin Coolidge spoke at the dedication.</p><br>
<p>It was rededicated on October 6, 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Plaquette</h2><br>
<p>Next to the memorial is a plaque with the following text:</p><br>
<p>The Oconee County Cage is a former jail on wheels that is located at Browns Square Drive outside of the Oconee Heritage Center in Walhalla, South Carolina, USA in Oconee County. At the time of its listing, it was located on Church Street at the Oconee County Law Enforcement Center. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places on November 14, 1982 along with the Oconee County Jail. At the time of its listing, the cage was considered the most intact cage in South Carolina. Oconee County has preserved the cage as a reminder of the former harsh conditions faced by convicts in the early twentieth century.</p><br>
<h2>Early 20th-century county penal system</h2><br>
<p>In the early twentieth century, county jails in South Carolina were primarily for holding individuals who were awaiting trial that could not afford bail. In 1916, about 94% were in county chain gangs and about 6% were at the state penitentiary. In this period of racial segregation, white prisoners were separated from African-American prisoners.</p><br>
<p>Instead of being housed in the county jail, chain gangs were housed in cages, cars, or tents near the work site. The cages and cars could be used to also transport the convicts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This jail on wheels was one of several used in the early twentieth century for the housing and transport of prisoners on the chain gang. It was built around 1900.</p><br>
<p>In 1915, the State Board of Charities and Corrections reported that the chain gang was about 4 mi from Seneca where the convicts were repairing the Oconee Station Road. There were two cages. One held eight African-American men and the other held four white men. For breakfast, they ate bacon, biscuits, syrup, and coffee. For dinner, they ate cabbage, bacon, and cornbread. For supper, they had bacon, biscuits, and syrup. In 1917, they reported that the cages were screened. In 1918, they said that the chain gang only had African Americans. White convicts were held at the jail or sent to the state penitentiary.</p><br>
<p>The chain gang convicts typically had a sentence of two months or less. Their families could visit on weekends and bring food. One former convict recalled that the convicts, guards, and their families all ate together and talked.</p><br>
<p>In the 1930s, the county had gasoline-powered trucks and built a new jail. The cages were no longer used. Although the chain gang faced harsh conditions during this period, it was considered to be an improvement over that faced by many convicts prior to 1900.</p><br>
<p>There is a similar jail on wheels in the neighboring Pickens County.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>It is a metal cage on a chassis with wheels. Draft animals were hitched to a metal tongue attached to the front axle. The cage is approximately 14 ft long, 8 ft, and 7 ft high. The front, top, and floor are solid sheet metal. The sides of the cage are metal bars with riveted strips to form a grid. The rear is sheet metal with a hinged metal door.</p><br>
<p>The cage had four metal bunk beds with three beds each along the sides. The bunks had metal strips to support the bedding. There was a metal barrel in the center for a fire. Canvas was used to cover the sides in cold weather.</p><br>
<p>Additional pictures of the cage are available.</p><br>
<p>Cayuga County Courthouse and Clerks Office is a historic courthouse complex located at 152 Genesee Street in Auburn. It consists of a two building government complex. The courthouse was built in 1835–1836 to a design by John I. Hagaman in the Greek Revival style, employing a massive Greek Doric order. It was rebuilt and expanded in 1922–1924 after a fire destroyed everything but the front and side walls of the original building. The rebuilt courthouse, designed by Carl Tallman and Samuel Hillger, is a -story, Neoclassical temple-fronted stone building incorporating Hagamans monumental portico. Attached to it is the 1882 County Clerk&#39;s Office building, designed by Green and Wicks in the Late Victorian Italianate style.</p><br>
<p>The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Gold Coast Historic District is a historic neighborhood of Richland, Washington. The homes in this neighborhood are Government-designed and prefabricated homes built in 1943 to house workers for the nearby Hanford Nuclear site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Richland was a small farm town until the US Army purchased 1660 km² (640 sq mi) along the Columbia River for the war effort, evicting the 300 residents of Richland as well as those of the now vanished towns of White Bluffs and Hanford just upriver. The army turned it into a bedroom community for the workers on its Manhattan Project facility at the nearby Hanford Engineering Works (now the Hanford site). The population increased from 300 in July and August 1943 to 25,000 by the end of World War II in August 1945. Richland became a closed city (federally controlled Atomic Energy community), with access restricted to residents and others authorized by the USA Army. All land and buildings were owned by the government. Housing was assigned to residents and token rent was collected; families were assigned to houses or duplexes; single people were placed in apartments or barracks.</p><br>
<p>Much of the city was planned by Spokane architect Albin Pherson in conjunction with the Army Corps of Engineers. While there were dormitories and barracks built at the time, prefabricated duplexes and single family homes are all that survive today. Because homes were allocated based on family size and need, there were a number of floorplans available. These were each identified by a letter of the alphabet, and so came to be known as alphabet houses.</p><br>
<p>In 2003, neighborhood associations in Richland began to work to have the area listed in the National Register of Historic Places. In 2004, the Governor’s Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (GACHP) began reviewing the City’s Gold Coast Historic District preservation application. The district, comprising 118 contributing and 45 noncontributing properties was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Klamath River is a river in southern Oregon and northern California in the United States. This article describes its course.</p><br>
<h2>Oregon</h2><br>
<p>The Klamath River&#39;s drainage basin above Upper Klamath Lake is fed primarily by the Williamson River and the Sprague River, which stretch into south-central Oregon west of the Cascades.</p><br>
<p>The official beginning of the 263 mi long river is at the outlet of Upper Klamath Lake, a large and artificially expanded lake east of the Cascade Range. Above Upper Klamath Lake, several rivers and streams drain south from Crater Lake and the southeast Cascades to form Agency Lake, which is connected to Upper Klamath Lake. After flowing out of the Bureau of Reclamation-built dam, the river flows into a 1 mi stretch known as the Link River, past the city of Klamath Falls and into Lake Ewauna, a 20 mi-long reservoir. The Lost River enters from the left via a series of agricultural ditches and canals (formerly, all of its water emptied into Tule Lake). It crosses under Oregon State Route 97 twice, once upstream of and once downstream of Oregon Route 140, and continues west through an agricultural valley to Keno. At Keno the river veers sharply south and passes through the Keno Dam, which forms Lake Ewauna, 240 mi from the mouth,</p><br>
<p>passing the now-drained Lower Klamath Lake.</p><br>
<p>The Klamath enters a narrow gorge and runs northeast, then enters the J.C. Boyle Reservoir, formed by the John C. Boyle Dam, and passes through the gates of the dam 231 mi from the mouth. After flowing out of the rockfill structure, the river heads south and plunges rapidly into a narrow and deep gorge about 800 ft deep and 2,300 ft wide. After flowing a few miles through this narrow gorge, it widens into a rugged valley and turns west-southwest, crossing the Oregon-California border. Butte Creek comes in from the south. After crossing the border, the river turns sharply south, diverges around a small island, and receives Edge Creek from the right. The river then flows into Copco Lake, formed by the Copco Dam. Exiting the dam 200 mi from the mouth, the river bends sharply north then south around a ridge and receives Fall Creek from the right as it passes the town of Copco. There are proposals to remove all four dams by 2020.</p><br>
<h2>Far northern California</h2><br>
<p>The river then enters Iron Gate Reservoir, 196.8 mi from the mouth. The river receives Jenny Creek, a much larger tributary, which is formed by streams draining out of Howard Prairie Lake nearly 20 mi to the north. The reservoir bends south and the Klamath flows away through Iron Gate Dam, 190 mi from the mouth. The river then swings west and passes through an arid valley used for farming and ranching. Near Hornbrook the river receives Hutton Creek from the right and turns sharply south as it meets Interstate 5.The river then veers west again as it receives the Shasta River, which flows north from the Mount Shasta area, from the left. California State Route 96 drops into the canyon and begins to parallel the river, some 180 mi from the mouth.</p><br>
<p>Flowing through its narrow canyon, the river receives Beaver Creek from the right, 170 mi from the mouth, as it passes the small hamlet of Klamath River from the south. It then turns west, and with the massive bulk of Dry Lake Mountain looming to the north, the river receives Horse Creek from the right after passing the town of the same name. It then turns south and then west, whipsawing through an increasingly narrow gorge, and receives the Scott River from the left and passes Hamburg, 150 mi from the mouth. The river then passes Seiad Valley and receives Seiad Creek from the right and Grider Creek from the left, 141 mi from the mouth. The river then enters another narrower gorge and passes Fort Goff before dropping over a series of rapids.</p><br>
<p>The river rounds a bend southward, then twists sharply northward, southwest and southeast around a ridge as it receives China Creek from the left, 135 mi from the mouth. The river then again bends southwest, then curves northward, diverges around two islands, then swings east and finally southwest around another ridge as it enters a wider valley and passes the town of Happy Camp, 130 mi from the mouth. Receiving wide, shallow Indian Creek from the right, the Klamath then bends southwest into a narrow gorge, still paralleling State Route 96. The river passes Clear Creek 85 mi from the mouth and receives the creek of the same name as it begins to flow south-southeast; a little farther on, it receives Independence Creek from the left, then bends west as it receives King Creek from the left.</p><br>
<p>Now incised into a narrow channel and meandering around sandbars and gravel bars, the river drops over rapid after rapid and turns south as it receives Dillon Creek from the right, 78 mi from the mouth. Ti Creek enters from the left and Rock Creek from the right as the river continues to flow south through a steep and narrow gorge, cutting through the Cascade Range itself. The valley of the Klamath gradually transitions from an arid high desert to a temperate rainforest climate. It drops over Ishi Pishi Falls, a historical Native American fishing spot, and receives the Salmon River, its most powerful tributary thus far, from the left, 50 mi from the mouth. Here it rounds a small ridge, then turns southwest and passes the town of Orleans, 45 mi from the mouth. The river then bends north, west and south around another ridge, receives Boise Creek from the left and Slate Creek and Bluff Creek from the right, 28 mi from the mouth.</p><br>
<h2>Weitchpec to mouth</h2><br>
<p>The Klamath rounds a northerly bend around Burrill Peak, passing Weitchpec as it turns northwestward on the beginning of its final run to the sea. At Weitchpec, the river receives its largest and most important tributary, the Trinity River, from the south (left), 30 mi from the mouth. A vital contributor to the flow of the lower Klamath, the Trinity drains 2,853 square miles in the Cascade Range south of the Klamath and Salmon rivers. More than 90 percent of its flow is diverted at Trinity Lake - leaving the most important tributaries below the dam, the North Fork, South Fork, and the New River to replenish it. At Weitchpec, State Route 96 turns away from the Klamath and runs south up the Trinity, and its role along the Klamath is replaced by California State Route 169. After collecting the Trinity, the Klamath turns north-northwest and receives Pine Creek and Tully Creek from the left.</p><br>
<p>Twisting westwards, then again north, the Klamath passes the town of Johnsons, 20 mi from the mouth. State Route 169 terminates at Johnsons, and for the remainder of its course, the Klamath flows through a wild canyon nearly untouched by human intervention. It diverges around a large sandy island, and receives Ah Pah Creek from the left and Blue Creek from the right, 12 mi from the mouth. This area was originally intended to be the site of a massive storage dam, Ah Pah Dam. The river flows north through an increasingly wide valley, then passes the town of Klamath Glen, where State Route 169 resumes. The river meanders north and then veers west, crossing under USA Highway 101 and passing the towns of Klamath and Requa. All three towns are on the right bank of the river. Less than a mile downstream of this point, the Klamath empties into the sea, 16 mi south of Point St. George and 30 mi north of Trinidad Head.</p><br>
<p>Much of the middle course of the river in California is within the Klamath National Forest. The lower course of the river, in northern Humboldt County and southern Del Norte County, passes through the homeland of the Karuk Tribe and the Yurok Indian Reservation. An 11 mi stretch of the river in Oregon south of Klamath Falls to the California&ndash;Oregon border, including the Hell&#39;s Corner Gorge, has been designated as the Klamath Wild and Scenic River.</p><br>
<p>Howieson’s Poort Shelter is a small rock shelter in South Africa containing the archaeological site from which the Howiesons Poort period in the Middle Stone Age gets its name. This period lasted around 5,000 years, between roughly 65,800 BP and 59,500 BP.</p><br>
<p>This period is important as it, together with the Stillbay period 7,000 years earlier, provides the first evidence of human symbolism and technological skills that were later to appear in the Upper Paleolithic.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The rock shelter occurs in a hill on the north side of the Howieson&#39;s Poort containing the main road into Grahamstown from Port Elizabeth. The cave is halfway up a cliff and is 7 m deep and 5.5 m wide at the mouth, with a large Real Yellowwood tree growing in the deposit and “bent horizontal with the floor to allow its branches to spread into the open at the mouth of the shelter”. The original Howiesons Poort period remains were covered very slowly due to the cave’s position halfway up the cliff and to wind clearance. 20,000 years ago, however, a rock fall acted to protect the deposits near the front from wind erosion.</p><br>
<h2>Excavation</h2><br>
<p>It was excavated in the late 1920s, and then again in 1965 by Hilary and Janette Deacon. There are very little in situ deposits left.</p><br>
<p>All the artifacts at the Howieson’s Poort site were found below a barren layer about a foot thick in a black layer also about a foot thick. and shell artifacts are found in the deposits elsewhere of the Howiesons Poort period. Stone tools similar to those in the cave have been collected from hillsides above the rock shelter.</p><br>
<p>Originally, and until the mid-1970s, the remains at Howiesons Poort Shelter were thought to belong to the Magosian period and so intermediate in time and technology between the Middle Stone Age and Late Stone Age. However, optically stimulated luminescence dating pushed back dates for occupation by this period to 65,800 BP and 59,500 BP.</p><br>
<p>Apart from the Howiesons Poort period, Deacon proposed that the cave may have been occupied more recently for several very short periods (ca. 18-19000 BP, ca. 9-10000 BP and ca. 3-4000 BP) by people who made fires but left few or no artefacts. However, this explanation is presented only as one of a number of possible scenarios.</p><br>
<h2>Naming</h2><br>
<p>The poort was named after a “Mr Howison” but it was misspelt by Stapleton and Hewitt as Howieson and their error has been used ever since for the stone tool industry named after it.</p><br>
<p>Note the site is always spelled with an apostrophe but the period can be spelt variably with and without it.</p><br>
<p>Eccleston Hill is a house in the village of Eccleston, Cheshire, England. The house, with its attached conservatory, wall, and service wing, is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was designed by the Chester architect John Douglas for the 1st Duke of Westminster. It was built in 1881–82 as the residence for the Dukes secretary, Colonel David Scotland. The house, and in particular the service quarters, were altered by Douglas & Fordham for Scotlands successor, the Honourable Arthur Lawley in 1892–94.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Eccleston Hill is "a large house, virtually a mansion". The house has two storeys plus attics. It is built in red brick, with blue brick diapering and stone dressings. The roof is in red tiles; it is hipped with gables and dormers. Tall shaped chimney stacks rise from the roof. The entrance front faces north and includes an oak timber-framed porch. A wall for growing fruit trees extends to the east from the south east corner of the house at the end of which is a timber conservatory with an octagonal lantern. Extending from the northeast corner of the house to the north is a single-storey stable wing.</p><br>
<p>Although there have been alterations to the interior, Douglas&#39; staircase and panelling to the hall remain "as an outstanding example of domestic joinery".</p><br>
<p>Castle Gatehouse, Washington Aqueduct is a pumping station at the Georgetown Reservoir on the Washington Aqueduct in The Palisades neighborhood of Washington, D.C., United States. The building is on the National Register of Historic Places and contributes to the Washington Aqueduct National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1852 the United States Congress authorized the Army Corps of Engineers to construct a water supply for the city of Washington, using the Potomac River at Great Falls as its source. Construction of a 12-mile pipeline began in 1853, and portions of the system began operation in 1859. Little Falls Branch was used as an interim source until the pipeline was completed in 1864. The water was routed to Dalecarlia Reservoir, followed by Georgetown Reservoir.</p><br>
<p>Improvements to the water system in the late 19th century included the Castle Gatehouse. The gatehouse was constructed at the Georgetown Reservoir to pump water into the four-mile long Washington City Tunnel that led to McMillan Reservoir, completed in 1902. A filtration system was constructed at McMillan in 1905 and this system improved the quality of city water.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the gatehouse began in 1899. The design was intended to replicate the Army Corps insigna. Portland cement plaster was used to replicate stonework and give the gatehouse an authentic castle appearance.</p><br>
<p>The gatehouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 13, 1975. It is managed by the Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District.</p><br>
<p>Thornton Manor is a large house in the village of Thornton Hough, Wirral, Merseyside, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building. The house was first built in the middle of the 19th century and has been altered and extended in a number of phases since. From 1888 to the end of the 20th century the house was occupied by the Viscounts Leverhulme. It is now used as a conference and events centre, and a venue for weddings.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land on which the house stands was owned originally by the Mostyn family of North Wales. The land was bought in 1849 by Charles William Potts, a solicitor. It is thought that he built the manor house, but there is no evidence that he lived there. In 1863 Potts sold the house and land to Thomas Brittain Forwood, a businessman who died in 1884. His son, Sir William Forwood, chairman of Liverpool Overhead Railway, let the house to William Lever (later 1st Viscount Leverhulme), builder of the soap factory and model village at Port Sunlight, in 1888.</p><br>
<h3>Leverhulme Era</h3><br>
<p>Thornton Manor became the home of the Viscount Leverhulmes. William Lever bought the house in 1893 and lived here from 1888 until 1919, retaining ownership until his death in 1925. Lever started on a series of alterations and additions soon after his purchase. The architect Jonathan Simpson made some minor alterations but the first major work was designed by the Chester firm Douglas and Fordham in about 1896. This constituted the main block of the house and was in Elizabethan style.</p><br>
<p>In 1899 stables designed by J. J. Talbot were built and around this time a kitchen and service quarters designed by Grayson and Ould were added. In 1902 a music room followed, also designed by Talbot, and this formed a new block to the northeast of the main block. Two years later a temporary ballroom was built, which was later converted into a swimming pool. A porch was added to the south front in 1906, changing the main entrance to the house from the west to the south. A gatehouse designed by J. Lomax-Simpson was built in 1910; the base of this is in stone and its upper part is half-timbered.</p><br>
<p>In 1913 a major reconstruction of the house took place when Elizabethan-style wings were added to the west side of the house.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is built in stone with slate roofs. It has three storeys and an irregular plan. The entrance front faces southwest and has protruding wings on both sides. Behind the house, at an angle towards the northeast, is the wing containing the music room. The windows are mullioned and a number of them are in canted, two-storey bays. The stables extend to the northwest.</p><br>
<h2>Grounds</h2><br>
<p>The park was first laid out during Forwood&#39;s ownership. It included paths, a small summer house and a bridge. The gardens as they now are were planned by Thomas H. Mawson and the 1st Viscount. The kitchen garden contains a loggia dated 1912, and there is another loggia to the southeast of the house; both were designed by Lomax-Simpson. To the northeast of the house is a structure known as The Lookout, which was designed in 1896 by Douglas and Fordham. A lake lies to the west of the house. A system of tree-lined avenues was laid out in 1912–14 by Lomax-Simpson, and has a total length of about 5 mi.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>The Manor House has been converted into a centre for conferences and corporate events. It is licensed for weddings and has a marquee overlooking the lake which can accommodate 500 people.</p><br>
<p>Heisey House was the first brick dwelling in Lock Haven, county seat of Clinton County, a city built along the West Branch Canal in the USA state of Pennsylvania. Constructed about 1831, the building served as a tavern and inn in its early days, and the town&#39;s founder, Jeremiah Church, boarded there.</p><br>
<p>Heisey House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built about 1831 by Dr. John Henderson of Huntington County as a brick Federal farmhouse. The bricks were shipped into town on canal boats. Henderson was the son-in-law of local landowner John Fleming. Jerry Church, the founder of Lock Haven lived here when the building was used as a tavern. Roger Develing and his son John who immigrated from Ireland owned the tavern. After Church owned the house, Dr. William J. Henderson purchased it in 1852 and practiced medicine there. The Heisey family owned the stucco-covered house from 1875 through 1960, when ownership passed to the Clinton County Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The Clinton County Historical Society maintains its headquarters in the 2.5-story building, which it operates as a museum. Substantially unchanged from its mid-19th-century condition, the Victorian interior of the house includes furniture from that era.</p><br>
<p>Church Cottage stands in the corner of the churchyard of St Mary&#39;s Church in the village of Eccleston, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<p>The cottage was built in 1870 for the 3rd Marquess of Westminster and designed by the Chester architect John Douglas. It is constructed in brown brick with stone dressings and a red tile roof. The roof is steep and has gables at each end; the gables are timber-framed and tile-hung. The cottage has 1½ storeys and two bays. The surviving original windows have stone mullions. The timber-framed gable is described as being "plain and simple" with "an unusually high proportion of white plaster to dark timber".</p><br>
<p>The Live Oak Historic Commercial District is a historic district in downtown Live Oak, Sutter County, California. The district includes twelve buildings and a row of palm trees; eight of the buildings and the trees contribute to the district&#39;s historical significance. Most of the buildings in the district are commercial buildings, though an Odd Fellows hall and a civic hall are also included. The oldest building in the district, the Live Oak Hall, was built circa 1875, while the latest buildings were built in the 1920s. The buildings in the district are mainly built in brick and stucco, and their designs reflect the periods in which they were built; for instance, the Live Oak Hall has narrow, arched windows popular in the 1870s, and the 1920s buildings have distinctive period brickwork.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 23, 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Loving County Courthouse is a historic courthouse in Mentone, Texas. The courthouse, the first permanent one in the county, was built in 1935, replacing a temporary courthouse built in 1931. Loving County was organized in 1931 following an oil boom in the area; it reached a peak population of 600 shortly thereafter in 1933, though its population has since fallen to 82. Architect Evan J. Wood designed the building in the Moderne style; he was paid $2684.60 for his efforts. The two-story courthouse is the tallest building in Loving County and the only symbol of county government in the county.</p><br>
<p>As Loving County is the least populous county in the United States, few court proceedings have taken place at the courthouse. Only 726 civil cases were filed at the courthouse between 1931 and 2004, most of them involving car accidents or business disputes among the countys oil and gas producers. The county convicted its first felon in 1936, when it sentenced oilman Norman C. Hill to four years in prison for stealing $4,000 worth of piping. Two jury trials in 2003 were the first in the county since its district court was established in 1955; the countys entire adult population was called for the 60-person jury panel, and establishing a jury was nearly impossible due to a Texas law prohibiting relatives from serving on the same jury, as only two potential jurors were unrelated to another potential juror. Nonetheless, the courthouse plays an important role in Loving County, as nearly a third of its population is employed by the county government.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 10, 2006.</p><br>
<p>As of summer 2011, a new courthouse annex was nearing completion across Collins Street to the northwest. It is expected to house the offices of the Sheriff and the County Clerk. The new single-story building of Southwestern style architecture will approximately equal the main courthouse in area of floor space.</p><br>
<p>The Fort Washington Avenue Armory, also known as the Fort Washington Armory and The Armory, is located at 216 Fort Washington Avenue, between West 168th and 169th Streets, in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. It is a brick Classical Revival building with Romanesque Revival elements, such as the entrance arch, and is currently home to the National Track and Field Hall of Fame and other organizations including the Police Athletic League of New York City.</p><br>
<p>The spacious third floor is home to the New Balance Track and Field Center: A 200-meter, six-lane banked mondo track, two large runways and sand pits, a pole vault pit, and a throws cage. The Center is widely regarded as one of the premier indoor track and field facilities in the United States. The Center plays host to a number of meets at the high school, college, and professional/open/masters level each year, including the NSIC indoor national meet, the Big East and Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference conference meets, and the New Balance Games. A number of college programs &ndash; such as Columbia University, New York University, Saint John&#39;s University, St. Francis College, City College of New York and Iona College &ndash; utilize it as their home indoor track. In May 2011 the President of the Millrose Games announced that, starting in January 2012, that notable event would move from Madison Square Garden, its home since 1914, to the Fort Washington Avenue Armory, with a new all-day Saturday schedule replacing the previous Friday evening format.</p><br>
<p>When built in the early 20th century it was one of the first armories in New York City in the Neoclassical style, instead of the Gothic Revival mode favored during the 19th century. It was home to the 22nd Regiment of the Army Corps of Engineers, was used to give licensing exams for those who wished to become architects, engineers, nurses and so on, and was later used as a homeless shelter. In 1995 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>Three stories high, the Armory is constructed of brick on a raised foundation with limestone and terra cotta trim. The administration building is on a fully exposed basement; the drill shed only partially. Iron bars protect the windows on the basement and first floor. The roofline is marked by a corbeled cornice and parapet with terra cotta trim.</p><br>
<p>The west (front) facade features a three-part projecting entrance pavilion flanked by four-bay sides. At the corners are square bastions with crenelated parapets in terra cotta. The entrance pavilion has octagonal bastions flanking smooth rusticated limestone voussoirs around a large sally port.</p><br>
<p>Both side elevations have nine asymmetrical bays, with round-arched windows in the second and third stories and double-hung casement windows at street level. Some on both sets have been filled in.</p><br>
<p>Behind a wooden portcullis at the rear of the sally port is the entrance, three wooden doors inside a segmentally arched stone architrave capped with a console-style keystone. It is inscribed with the words. Above it is a multi-pane transom.</p><br>
<p>The interior retains much of its original finish. Rooms have terrazzo floors, glazed brick walls trimmed in terracotta. The cross-vaulted ceilings are sheathed in tiles laid in chevron patterns and have glazed terra cotta architraves at their entrances. There are bronze sconces throughout the building. A double-width staircase in fireproof steel and concrete has a curving rail. Its hallway is encircled with a wide frieze on which there are two remaining Works Progress Administration (WPA) murals.</p><br>
<p>At the north and south ends of the administration building are two large company meeting rooms. The south one features a paneled dado, beamed ceilings, hardwood floors and an intricately carved mantel flanked by two Doric columns. The north meeting room features paneled mahogany wainscoting, built-in trophy cases and a glazed brick fireplace with wooden overmantel.</p><br>
<p>The drill shed is a large barrel vaulted space with balcony on all sides allowing seating for 2,300. It has massive arched trusses and is lit and ventilated via a clerestory.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The 22nd Regiment traces its origins to the Union Grays, who stayed behind in Manhattan when the city&#39;s other units left for the Civil War. They helped suppress the New York City draft riots in 1863 and later saw some action on the front lines. They were one of the first units to have their own armory devoted solely to military purposes. It was located originally on West 14th Street near Sixth Avenue.</p><br>
<p>In 1890, the regiment moved to another armory on Broadway at Columbus Street on the Upper West Side. It was designed by one of the units members, Capt. John Leo. In 1907 the citys Armory Board held a competition for another new armory for the 22nd, to be located in the growing Washington Heights section of the city. The firm of Richard Walker and Charles Morris, whose works also included the South Ferry Building and several branch libraries in Brooklyn, won. The building was completed four years later, in 1911, at a cost of $1.16 million ($ in contemporary dollars).</p><br>
<p>Sometime after World War II the 22nd was merged into the 42nd Division as the 102nd Engineering Battalion. It was moved around and downsized within the city&#39;s National Guard units several times until it was disbanded sometime in the late 20th century. Only two of the units survive; both are now attached to the 369th Regiment and based at its armory in Harlem.</p><br>
<p>The armory remained under the jurisdiction of the New York State Division of Military & Naval Affairs. It was used as a homeless shelter late in the 20th century, housing more than 1,000 people. but these plans gave way in the mid-1980s, when the Armory became New York&#39;s premiere indoor track and field facility. At 96,000 ft&sup2, it was almost double the size of Madison Square Garden.</p><br>
<p>In 1992, a campaign began to refurbish and modernize the Armory into a state-of-the-art facility. Norbert W. Sander Jr., who spearheaded the campaign, was the only New Yorker to have won the New York Marathon, and a longtime member of the board of New York Road Runners. He raised $25 million and convinced elected officials, governmental agencies and corporate sponsors to allow him to take over the Armory. As part of the renovation, a banked track was installed. In 2002, the armory was chosen as the permanent home of the National Track and Field Hall of Fame, and it is now the largest site of indoor college and high school invitationals in the world. Since 2012, it has been the location for the Millrose Games.</p><br>
<p>The Grant Birthplace in Point Pleasant, Ohio was the birthplace of USA President Ulysses S. Grant, who was born there in 1822. The home was built in 1817, and in 1821 Jesse Root Grant wed Hannah Simpson Grant  and they moved into the home where they paid $2 a month rent. The future president lived in Point Pleasant for less than a year, as his family moved to Georgetown one month before his first birthday.</p><br>
<p>The Ohio Historical Society operates the site as a historic house museum. Today it is furnished with items that once belonged to Grant, as well as a few period items. In 1998, the birthplace and several associated buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district.</p><br>
<p>The Grant Birthplace and surrounding areas have been found to be a historical archaeological site. As part of making the site ADA-compliant, a small-scale construction project in the summer of 2010 involved the replacement of stone gutters at the site. Ohio State Historic Preservation Office staff archaeologists conducted a test excavation of some of the areas surrounding the gutters, discovering foundations of an 1810s tannery.</p><br>
<p>Previous archaeological work in and around the Grant Birthplace included the retrieval of early nineteenth-century pottery from a small midden being impacted by the replacement of a nearby bridge in 1984, as well as a field survey of open areas in the birthplace grounds before the construction of a small building at the site in 2005; the latter project recovered only a couple of insignificant lithic flakes from an unidentified prehistoric period.</p><br>
<p>Cottonwood Pass  is a high mountain pass in the Rocky Mountains of south-central Colorado, United States. It is located near the border of Gunnison and Chaffee counties in Colorado and is in the Sawatch Range. The area surrounding the pass is mostly forest, with the San Isabel National Forest to the east and the Gunnison National Forest to the west.</p><br>
<p>The Continental Divide is marked at the saddle point of Cottonwood Pass. The pass is closed seasonally due to heavy snowfall, typically from around October until sometime in May. When open, the pass can be accessed from Buena Vista to the east by following Chaffee County Road 306. Near the summit, the road name changes to Gunnison County Road 209 as it continues to the west, passing near Taylor Park Reservoir and continuing down into the town of Almont. The majority of this road is paved, with the exception being the section linking the summit of Cottonwood Pass with Taylor Park Reservoir, which is gravel. When open, the pass is one of the few routes through the Sawatch Range accessible in a standard two-wheel drive passenger vehicle. Independence Pass is another such seasonal route through this mountain range, while efforts are made to ensure that USA 50 at Monarch Pass remains open year-round for all vehicles, barring extreme weather conditions.</p><br>
<h2>Mudslides</h2><br>
<p>In July 2002, heavy rains from a thunderstorm east of Cottonwood Pass caused a significant mudslide that blocked portions of Chaffee County Road 306 for many days. The National Weather Service estimated that between three and four inches of rain fell within one hour on the evening of 22 July 2002, causing a portion known as Red Deer Mountain to begin sliding downward and leaving debris up to 15 feet deep on the road. Several people were rescued from their vehicles after becoming trapped by the mud, but no fatalities were reported. Other mudslides caused by slow-moving thunderstorms have occurred near this area in both 2004 and 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Re-paving project and closures</h2><br>
<p>Cottonwood Pass will be closed for the entire 2017 season on the west (Gunnison County) side from the summit down to Taylor Park. In 2018, work is anticipated on both sides with planned delays and closures. Visit for more information on the projects, including maps of road and trail closures and detours.</p><br>
<p>Martin County Courthouse is a historic courthouse in Shoals, Indiana. The courthouse was built in 1876 to replace the previous courthouse, which burned down in the same year. At the time of the courthouse&#39;s construction, Shoals had only been the county seat for seven years, and it was the ninth county seat in Martin County.</p><br>
<p>The new courthouse was built with local sandstone and red brick; its design incorporates elements of the Greek Revival and Italianate styles.</p><br>
<p>The new courthouse proved to be in a stable location, as the county seat has remained in Shoals since its construction. The courthouse served the county until 2002 and now houses the Martin County Historical Museum, which is operated by the Martin County Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 17, 2005.</p><br>
<p>Clinton County Courthouse is a historic courthouse in Clinton, Iowa. It was built in 1897 and added to the National Register of Historic Places July 2, 1981, as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. It is the fourth courthouse that has been used by the county.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The town of Camanche became the first county seat around 1840. Hotels and houses were used for county business instead of a dediated courthouse. In 1841, a frame building was donated in the town of Vanderburg, present day DeWitt, for court purposes. As the size of the county government increased, it ised the Exchange Hotel for more space. The county constructed a second courthouse measuring 40 x in 1854 for $6,000.&lt; The county seat moved into a new courthouse which measured 44 x in the city of Clinton in 1869.</p><br>
<p>The present courthouse was completed in 1897 for a cost of $168,000. The designed by M.S. Mansfield in the Romanesque Revival style, beat eight other entrants in a design competition for the new courthouse. It is constructed of red sandstone and granite with copper covering the large central tower.</p><br>
<p>The Union Brewery is a historic brewery building in Iowa City, Iowa. The brewery was founded in 1856 by German immigrants Anton Geiger and Simeon Hotz. Conrad Graf was the brewerys brewmaster, and its beer was named Grafs Golden Brew after him; Graf later came to own the brewery after Geigers death. Graf was instrumental in inciting the 1884 Iowa City beer riots, a popular uprising against Iowas new prohibition law; the rioting mob injured multiple law officers and city attorneys, one of whom successfully sued Graf for $7,000. The brewery continued to operate until Prohibition; during Prohibition, it attempted to produce soda, but residual yeast spores caused the soda to ferment.</p><br>
<p>A network of underground tunnels connected the Union Brewery to two other breweries in Iowa City. The tunnels linked cellars and "beer caves" used by the breweries to store their products. The tunnels are well-preserved, and a developer has attempted to reopen them for tours or business use.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 10, 1986.</p><br>
<p>Rock Ledge Ranch Historic Site or the Chambers Ranch is a living history museum  and farm located in Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States. Restored buildings and period-appropriate attired museum guides depict life in the Pikes Peak region in four time periods and in four different households: American Indian life in 1775; an 1860s cabin ; an 1880s farm ; and a 1907 Edwardian Country Estate. Each residence  reflects the construction and contents of homes of those periods. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>Museum guides, each wearing clothing specific to the time period and type of residence, explain and demonstrate activities of daily life of those who lived in the homes. Visitors see and learn how people from different time periods lived in the Colorado Springs area, what they wore, what they ate, how they cooked their meals, how they cleaned themselves and their clothes, what they did for entertainment, and how they made their living.</p><br>
<p>There is a working blacksmith shop on site and a barn with horses, and a chicken coop. Sheep and cows graze around the farm, and at one time, peacocks were resident. All museum guides respond to questions, demonstrate daily living skills, and voluntarily offer information about the character they are portraying in actions, speech, and dress.</p><br>
<p>The museum hosts 65,000 people on an annual basis. Many visitors discover Rock Ledge Ranch due to its location immediately adjacent to the entrance to Garden of the Gods, a registered national natural landmark of 300 ft high orange-red rock formations jutting out of the earth.</p><br>
<p>Because of the city of Colorado Spring&#39;s economic difficulties since 2009, its funding and continued existence was threatened however an aggressive fundraising campaign has generated huge public support as well as additional opportunities to experience this setting due to themed special events such as wine tastings and a Shakespeare festival.</p><br>
<p>Dr. Sylvester Willard Mansion, also known as the Cayuga Museum of History and Art, is a historic mansion and related outbuildings located in Auburn, Cayuga County, New York state.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Willard Mansion is a monumental Greek Revival style brick mansion, originally built in 1836-1843 by Dr. Sylvester Willard. It had Classical Revival wings added in the late 19th century. It is a two story, five bay, center hall building, resting on a stone foundation.</p><br>
<p>The front facade features a monumental Greek Revival pedimented portico with massive fluted Ionic columns. A large dining wing and small palazzo-like wing was added to the main block in the 1870s-1880s. The interior features a rare example of a Tiffany Glass and Decorating Company domestic window added about 1894-1896.</p><br>
<p>The property also includes an ornate, late 19th century cast iron fence with stone pillars, and an elaborate wrought iron garden gate with cast iron embellishments.</p><br>
<h2>Cinema research</h2><br>
<p>In 1916, the Willard Mansion was acquired by Theodore Case (1888–1944). He converted several outbuildings to pursue his cinema technology research projects: a former 19th century carriage house, converted into an experimental movie studio, and a former 19th century greenhouse, converted in 1916 to the Case Research Laboratory, to support his research into sound-on-film technology.</p><br>
<p>Ted Case was an American physicist and inventor known for the invention of the Movietone optical sound-on-film method for sound films ("talkies").</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>The property now houses the Cayuga Museum of History and Art and Case Research Lab. It is a history museum with collections of fine art and local history, and a cinema museum presenting the work of the Case Research Laboratory.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. Sylvester Willard Mansion was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Agilkia Island  is an island in the reservoir of the Old Aswan Dam along the Nile River in southern Egypt; it is the present site of the relocated Ancient Egyptian temple complex of Philae. Partially to completely flooded by the old dam&#39;s construction in 1902, the Philae complex was dismantled and relocated to Agilkia island, as part of a wider UNESCO project related to the 1960s construction of the Aswan High Dam and the eventual flooding of many sites posed by its large reservoir upstream.</p><br>
<p>Agilkia, like the island, was the name chosen for the planned landing site on a comet by the Rosetta spacecraft mission&#39;s Philae lander. Upon initial touchdown however, the lander took a large bounce followed by a smaller one before finally coming to rest perhaps a kilometer away from Agilkia, named Abydos.</p><br>
<p>The Viktorshöhe is a hill, 581.5 metres high, in the Harz mountains of central Germany. It lies on the Ramberg massif within the boundaries of Gernrode, a part of Quedlinburg, and about 3 kilometres northeast of Friedrichsbrunn.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first hunting lodge on the Viktorshöhe had been built next to a small well house at the behest of Prince Victor Frederick in 1750. And the first observation tower here also appeared as early as the 18th century. In 1892 a building on the Viktorshöhe had become a popular pub catering for day trippers. In 1897 a 20-metre-high tower was built, made from oak logs, from which there were views as far as the Kyffhäuser. In 1927 the forestry authority, who had the right to sell wine and beer from their lodge, was disbanded. The last foresters were recorded as Messrs. Jacobi and Sachtler. The property, however, continued to be managed and extended.</p><br>
<p>In 1946 the Anhalt governor, Heinrich Deist senior, stayed at the Viktorshöhe Guest House. He was witness to a night-time raid on the pub on 14 July 1946 perpetrated by three Soviet soldiers. The owner of the Viktorshöhe received stab wounds to his back and was hit with a revolver. Six hundred Reichsmarks were stolen, together with a radio and clothing. Even the guests were robbed. Until 1958, Saalmann was the publican of the Viktorshöhe. In 1959 the Viktorshöhe became a works holiday home and was close to the public as a result.</p><br>
<p>At the end of the 1970s the building complex became a company holiday home for the Draht- und Seilwerke Rothenburg (Rothenburg Wire and Cable Company). The next-door restaurant was a favourite walking and excursion halt. In 1990 the guest house was closed. The buildings on the Viktorshöhe became empty during the 1990s and are gradually falling into ruin. The remaining furniture lies scattered about the area and gives an impression of destruction and neglect, reminiscent of war.</p><br>
<p>Near the summit a wooden tower stood until it collapsed in November 2012, which had been used as a fire lookout tower and site for aerials of various radio services. In the 1980s, because of its good location, the tower was used by radio hams of the then Halle district contest team, including the amateur ham callsign "Y34H", used by numerous international amateur radio competitions. This tower was not built as a viewing tower, but as the site for a raised trigonometric sign above a trig point (TP) of the first order by the state survey and, for that reason, used as an observation tower. As a result of advances in technology this trig sign - like others in the other federal states - lost its significance.</p><br>
<h2>Surrounding area</h2><br>
<p>In the vicinity of the Viktorshöhe there are several tourist attractions: the Große Teufelsmühle, the Bergrat Müller Teich (Teich=pond), the Bear Monument, the ruined castle of Erichsberg, the Bremer Teich campsite and the Erichburger Teich.</p><br>
<p>The Elkhead Mountains are a mountain range in Colorado. The mountain range is considered to be low altitude within Colorado as the mountains are under 11,000 ft. Located within Routt and Moffat counties, the mountain range is far from metropolitan areas and has few lakes and streams, so it attracts few visitors. The mountain range is a volcanic range and all of the peaks were formed by volcanic action. The mountain range extends approximately 16 mi east to west and 10 mi north to south, and its center is located at , approximately 20 mi northeast of Craig and north of Hayden, Colorado 13 mi south of the Wyoming border. Almost all of the peaks within the Elkhead Mountains are a part of Routt National Forest. Significant peaks are: Bears Ears, Sugar Loaf, Saddle Mountain, Black Mountain, Pilot Knob, and Meaden Peak.</p><br>
<p>The Oude Maas  is a distributary of the Rhine River, and a former distributary of the Maas River, in the Dutch province of South Holland. It begins at the city of Dordrecht where the Beneden Merwede river splits into the Noord River and the Oude Maas. It ends when it joins the Nieuwe Maas to form Het Scheur</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Oude Maas forms the southern boundary of the IJsselmonde island. Soon after Dordrecht the Dordtsche Kil forks off and after that the Oude Maas forms the northern boundary of the Hoeksche Waard island, flowing west until the Spui river forks off at the town of Oud-Beijerland. The Oude Maas then heads northwest between the towns/cities of Spijkenisse and Hoogvliet and joins the river Nieuwe Maas opposite the city of Vlaardingen. The combined river is known as Het Scheur and flows to the North Sea.</p><br>
<p>The river is tidal and has nature and recreation areas.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the early Middle Ages the main flow of the Maas followed the current Oude Maas. During the later Middle Ages, a flooding event caused the Oude Maas to connect to the Merwede rivers. From that moment on, the Oude Maas was fed by both the Maas and the Rhine. However, after the St. Elizabeth&#39;s floods the Merwede found a new and shorter path to the sea (the current Hollands Diep). As a result, the Oude Maas was devoid from much of the inflow of fresh water and changed into a brackish estuary. When the flow of the Merwede was better distributed among its lower branches (due to artificial means), the Oude Maas was once again a major distributary branch of both the Maas and Rhine.</p><br>
<p>In the late 19th century the connection between the Maas and Rhine was closed off entirely (the current Afgedamde Maas) and the Maas was given a new, artificial mouth - the Bergse Maas. The resulting separation of the rivers Rhine and Maas reduced the risk of flooding and is considered to be the greatest achievement in Dutch hydraulic engineering before the completion of the Zuiderzee Works and Delta Works. From that moment on, the Oude Maas is only fed by the Rhine.</p><br>
<h2>Transport</h2><br>
<p>with Dordrecht island:</p><br>
<p>road bridge</p><br>
<p>road tunnel</p><br>
<p>railway bridge</p><br>
<p>with Hoeksche Waard island:</p><br>
<p>1st and 2nd Heinenoordtunnel (motor vehicles, cyclists)</p><br>
<p>with Voorne-Putten island:</p><br>
<p>Spijkenisser Bridge (motor vehicles, cyclists, pedestrians)</p><br>
<p>metro tunnel</p><br>
<p>The Nieuwe Maas  is a distributary of the Rhine River, and a former distributary of the Maas River, in the Dutch province of South Holland. It runs from the confluence of the rivers Noord and Lek, and flows west through Rotterdam. It ends west of the city where it meets the Oude Maas , near Vlaardingen, to form Het Scheur. After a few miles, the Scheur continues as the artificial Nieuwe Waterweg. The total length of the Nieuwe Maas  is approximately 24 km.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Nieuwe Maas flows through some of the most densely populated and developed areas in the Netherlands. Along its shores are numerous harbours and industries.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the early Middle Ages the river was considered to be the continuation of the Merwede river (itself a distributary branch of the Rhine) and was named accordingly. However, during the 13th century a series of floods forced the Maas to shift its main course north towards the Merwede. From then on, several stretches of the original Merwede were named Maas instead, including the current Nieuwe Maas.</p><br>
<p>In the late 19th century the connection between the Maas and Rhine was closed off entirely (the current Afgedamde Maas) and the Maas was given a new, artificial mouth - the Bergse Maas. The resulting separation of the rivers Rhine and Maas reduced the risk of flooding and is considered to be the greatest achievement in Dutch hydraulic engineering before the completion of the Zuiderzee Works and Delta Works. From that moment on, the Nieuwe Maas is only fed by the Rhine.</p><br>
<h2>River crossings</h2><br>
<p>From west to east:</p><br>
<p>Beneluxtunnel (tunnel; motor vehicles, cyclists and metro)</p><br>
<p>Maastunnel (tunnel; motor vehicles, cyclists, pedestrians)</p><br>
<p>Erasmusbrug (bridge; motor vehicles, cyclists, pedestrians, trams)</p><br>
<p>Maastaxi (ferry; pedestrians)</p><br>
<p>Metrotunnel (tunnel; metro)</p><br>
<p>Willemstunnel (tunnel; train)</p><br>
<p>Willemsbrug (bridge; motor vehicles, cyclists, pedestrians)</p><br>
<p>Van Brienenoordbrug (bridge; motor vehicles, cyclists, pedestrians)</p><br>
<p>The Newlin Mill Complex, also referred to as The Newlin Grist Mill, is a water powered gristmill on the west branch of Chester Creek near Concordville in the state of Pennsylvania in the northeastern United States, was built in 1704 by Nathaniel and Mary Newlin and operated commercially until 1941. During its three centuries of operation, the mill has been known as the Lower Mill, the Markham Mill, the Seventeen-O-Four Mill and the Concord Flour Mill. In 1958 the mill property was bought by E. Mortimer Newlin, restored and given to the Nicholas Newlin Foundation to use as a historical park. Water power is still used to grind corn meal which is sold on site. The park includes five historical buildings, which were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, and 150 acre of natural woodland.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Nicholas Newlin, a member of the Religious Society of Friends, an Englishman who lived in the Quaker town of Mountmellick, then in Queens County, Ireland, emigrated to Pennsylvania with his family because of religious persecution. He arrived with his wife, Elizabeth, and children, Nathaniel, Rachel, and John, in May 1683 on the ship Levee from Liverpool. In October he bought land from William Penn and settled in Concord Township, about 10 mi northwest of the town of Chester.</p><br>
<p>He was a prominent citizen, serving on the province&#39;s governing body, the Provincial Council in 1686 and 1687, as a Justice of the Peace, and on the Courts of Chester County.</p><br>
<p>His son, Nathaniel, married Mary Mendenhall in 1684. In 1685, Mary Mendenhall received land as part of a grant to her and her siblings from William Penn&#39;s original settlement.</p><br>
<p>Nathaniel and Mary Mendenhall built the present mill, the third gristmill in the township, in 1704. Nathaniel also served as a Justice of the Peace, and on the Courts of Chester County, and served in the Provincial Assembly from 1698 to 1722. Through Nathaniel&#39;s inheritance from his father, and the land Mary Mendenhall held, and by their purchase of 7,750 acre that became Newlin Township, they became together one of the largest landowners in Concord County. When Nathaniel Newlin died intestate in 1729, shortly after Mary Mendenhall died, the land was divided under Pennsylvania law among their children with the oldest son, Nicholas, receiving a double portion, and all the daughters and other sons, including a son named Nathaniel Newlin, each a single portion.</p><br>
<p>In 1739, Nathaniels grandson via his son Nathaniel, Nathaniel Newlin III, built a house for the head miller. In 1742, William and Anne Trimble, the owners of a neighboring gristmill, built a house overlooking the Newlin mill. A mile to the west in the village of Concordville, Nathaniels son Nicholas built the Nicholas Newlin House in 1742; this is listed separately on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1777, the Battle of Brandywine was fought within a few miles of the mill. General George Washington had ordered the removal of millstones from nearby mills to hinder the supply of British troops, but there are no records of the order’s effect on Newlin Mill. p. 47.</p><br>
<p>Southeastern Pennsylvania was the leading producer of grain in the colonial period and mills could be easily powered by the steep descent of the streams, called the fall line, in the area. By 1781 there were 127 gristmills in Chester County, which then included present-day Delaware County. The Newlin mill only served local and domestic needs and was known as a "merchant mill" which would produce finer flour for urban and export markets.</p><br>
<p>The Newlin family owned the mill until 1817, selling to William Trimble, Jr. Thomas Newlin, who died in 1811, had remarried after his wife&#39;s death. Disagreements between his two sets of children resulted in a judgment of $11,326.30 against his estate, forcing the sale of the mill.</p><br>
<p>The Philadelphia and Baltimore Central Railroad was built through the property in 1859; this allowed the mill to market its flour in Philadelphia and Baltimore. A railway station was built in 1868 and Samuel Hill bought the mill in 1869. In 1942 the mill stopped commercial production and the buildings were used temporarily as a bookstore and an antique store. In 1956 Nicholas’s eighth-generation descendant, E. Mortimer Newlin, purchased the property and later formed the Nicholas Newlin Foundation to restore and preserve the mill. Restorations were completed in 1962, and again in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<h3>Mill</h3><br>
<p>The mill measures 35 ft wide by 70 ft long. A date stone on an exterior wall is marked "Nathan&#39;l Mary Newlin 1704." The dam and the half-mile mill race, which provides the water that powers the mill, were built the same year. The original grindstone was imported from France. The mill was built of fieldstone into a hillside: the north side two stories, the south side one story high. The mill wheel was originally outside the mill and was probably breastshot. It was reconstructed in 1976, weighs 1,500 lb and measures 16 by, with 52 buckets. The water exits underground through the tail race and travels about 150 yd back to Chester Creek. The floors and mill machinery are supported by a hurst frame, an inner timber frame that is separated from the outer stone walls so that vibrations do not break the outer walls. The process of grinding the corn may be viewed at the mill or on video.</p><br>
<p>Sometime after 1817 William Trimble expanded the mill and enclosed the mill wheel. It ground about 60,000 bushels of corn per year at that time. Sometime before 1850 the mill was refitted according to the Oliver Evans automated mill design and began to grind wheat flour. In 1850 owner Casper Sharpless purchased 20,000 bushels of wheat for $22,000 and sold flour worth $30,000.</p><br>
<p>In 1870 the following products were produced:</p><br>
<p>At that time the mill had four millstones and two wooden overshot water wheels with a 24 ft fall, producing about 20 hp. A wood-framed upper story was added about 1890.</p><br>
<h3>Warehouse</h3><br>
<p>The warehouse is a -story stone building to the east of the lower level of the mill. It was built by Nathaniel Newlin after he built the mill to use as a dry goods store. It now serves as the Foundation&#39;s archive.</p><br>
<h3>Miller's house</h3><br>
<p>Built in 1739 of stone, it is adjacent to the south side of the mill. There are two rooms on each of the two floors, with a fireplace in each room, and a beehive oven attached to the kitchen. A third story was added about 1860 and removed during a restoration in the 1960s. This house should not be confused with the Newlin Miller&#39;s House about 12 mi north in West Whiteland Township which was built in the early 19th century by William Newlin and listed separately in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h3>Trimble House</h3><br>
<p>This house was built into the hill above the mill and the miller’s house in 1742, also with four rooms. It was expanded by 1765 to accommodate William Trimble’s growing family. It has nine fireplaces, a 53 foot deep well and much of the original flooring, woodwork, doors, and hardware. The Newlin Foundation bought the house in 1998 and it is used as a private residence.</p><br>
<h3>Railway station</h3><br>
<p>The -story Gothic-style station was originally built in 1868–1869 by Samuel Hill. It served as a post office and polling station for the community of mill workers in the area. It burned down in 1890 and was rebuilt the next year, serving as a railway station until the 1930s. It is used now as the park office.</p><br>
<h3>Park</h3><br>
<p>The five original buildings form the core of a 150 acre park, which is mostly natural woodlands. A 1710 springhouse from a local farm was moved to the park in the 1970s and a small barn was moved from northern Delaware to the area behind the miller’s house. In 1965 a log cabin was constructed, which is used for meetings, receptions, and parties. A new “18th Century” blacksmith shop replica was constructed in 1975. Tennis courts and a ball field are also included in the park.</p><br>
<p>Auburn Button Works and Logan Silk Mills is a historic factory complex located at Auburn in Cayuga County, New York. It is a vernacular Italianate style industrial building built in 1879-1880 to house the Auburn Button Works and Logan Silk Mills. The complex has three parts: a three story, rectangular main block; a two story, rectangular west wing; and three story rectangular east wing. It is built of brick on a stone foundation.</p><br>
<p>Logan Silk Mills was famous for providing the silk for the gown of the First Lady Caroline Harrison wore when her husband, Benjamin Harrison, was inaugurated the 23rd President of the United States in 1889. The Logan Silk Mills went out of business the following year and the space was occupied by the Wegman Piano Company. The Auburn Button Works remained in the complex until about 1900. A fire swept through the west wing on May 1, 1914 and destroyed the third floor. The complex was used as manufacturing space for automobile and mill supplies, shoes, marine hardware, and has also provided warehouse space.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The New Hope Mills Complex is a historic grist mill complex located on Glen Haven Road near the intersection with Route 41A in the hamlet of New Hope in the town of Niles in Cayuga County, New York. The complex includes the mill building, two vernacular dwellings, a 1910s gambrel roofed storage barn, a 1935 saw mill, two concrete faced dams, and a 1 acre mill pond.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The grist mill was partly built in 1823 by Judge Charles Kellogg &ndash; a member of the New York State Assembly and later a United States Congressman &ndash; then sold to Horace Rounds in 1851. Rounds sold it to his son, Eugene Rounds, in 1865. In 1919 it was sold to W. E. Rounds and A. Ryan, and it remained in the Rounds family until 1947, when it was sold to Howard Weed, Hubert Latta, and Leland Weed and renamed the New Hope Mills. Dale Weed became the sole owner in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The mill is a heavy timber framed building with several late 19th century wings containing a full array of 19th century steel roller mills and related support machinery. In the 1850s, there were 14 other industries powered by water along Bear Swamp Creek. The New Hope Mill originally had a capacity of 200 bushels a day, using three stones; it converted to roller mills in 1892. Although from the exterior the waterwheel is most prominent, most of the mill&#39;s power came from a water turbine underneath the structure, which can run throughout the year if sufficient water is available. The complex has an upper mill pond, where the sawmill is located, with a 24 foot waterfall, and a lower mill pond with a 28 foot fall. Water could be stored in the upper pond to be used to run the mill the next day.</p><br>
<p>The New Hope Mills company, which produces pancake, muffin, scone and cookie mixes, moved its manufacturing operations to nearby Auburn, New York in 2003, but still owns the old mill and preserves it with the intention of converting it into an operating museum.</p><br>
<p>The New Hope Mills Complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Stapenberg is a 443 metre high hill spur in the Harz Mountains of central Germany in Harz district in the federal state of Saxony-Anhalt.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Stapenberg lies on the northern edge of the Harz within the Harz/Saxony-Anhalt Nature Park. It rises southwest of the village of Benzingerode in the borough of Wernigerode. To the north the country descends into the northern Harz Foreland.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1470 the hill came into the ownership of a local knight, Hans Knauth.</p><br>
<h2>Views and hiking</h2><br>
<p>The Stapenberg is known because of its views of the Brocken, the highest peak in the Harz, and over the northern Harz Foreland between Wernigerode and Heimburg, which are currently visible thanks to logging on the summit. A steeply climbing footpath runs over the hill from the direction of Benzingerode towards the Hermannsweg and Wernigerode Castle or towards Elbingerode (Harz). On the summit is check point no. 33 in the network of walking trails called the Harzer Wandernadel.</p><br>
<p>The Illinois Traction System Mackinaw Depot is a former 1910 to 1953 Illinois Terminal Railroad interurban passenger depot in Mackinaw, Illinois. The brick depot was built in 1909 and designed in the Spanish Colonial Revival style. The station served both electric powered freight and electric interurban passenger trains on the Illinois Traction System renamed as the Illinois Terminal Railroad in the 1930s. The Illinois Power and Light Company also used the building as an electrical substation from 1927 until 1955. Very high voltage alternating current was converted to 600 volt direct current for use by the interurban line&#39;s electric freight locomotives and interurban cars. Wires entered and left through the large holes in the upper portions of the depot. While the station was one of several properties owned by the IT railway at Mackinaw along with mainline track and a number of rail sidings, the other buildings have since been demolished leaving the depot as the only surviving landmark from the era of electric interurban trolley service in the central Illinois area.</p><br>
<p>The depot was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 30, 1978.</p><br>
<p>Schines Auburn Theatre is a historic theatre building located at 12-14 South Street between Genesee and Lincoln Streets in Auburn, New York. It is owned by the Cayuga County Arts Council. It is an outstanding example of the later Art Deco style of architecture in the Streamline Moderne vein designed by the noted theatre architect John Eberson. It was completed in 1938 and features a ceramic brick and terra cotta facade, a stylized marquee, and a 2,000 seat auditorium with a complex arrangement of flat and curvilinear wall and ceiling surfaces and reveals and decorated with a shooting star motif.</p><br>
<p>The Schines Theatre operation had two other theatres in Auburn, the Jefferson and the Palace, but the Auburn Theatre was the only one built specifically for the chain. The theatre was air conditioned using the latest available equipment, and it offered hard-of-hearing customers special headphones to better hear the films.</p><br>
<p>The theatre has been undergoing renovation since 2003, and the project was not complete as of 2012. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Centreport Aqueduct is a historic aqueduct located in the town of Brutus near Weedsport in Cayuga County, New York. The aqueduct was consrtructed in 1854-1857 as a part of the Weedsport section of the "Improved Erie Canal." The wood and stone aqueduct carried the Erie Canal over Cold Spring Brook near its juncture with North Brook. The aqueduct structure is approximately 125 feet in length, 125 feet in width, and 16 feet in height. Improvements were made to the aqueduct in 1895 as part of the "Nine Million Dollar Improvement." The aqueduct ceased being used after development of the New York State Barge Canal System in 1917. The aqueduct stone work is still intact and is the prime feature of a roadside park constructed by the New York State Department of Transportation in 1972 with the assistance of the Weedsport Lions Club.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Hill Bark is a large country house to the south of the hamlet of Frankby, Wirral, Merseyside, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building. The authors of the Buildings of England series comment that it is "one of the most notable Victorian essays in half-timbered design anywhere in the country".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was originally built in 1891 for the soap manufacturer Robert William Hudson on Bidston Hill, Birkenhead. It was designed by the Liverpool architectural firm of George Enoch Grayson and Edward A. L. Ould (probably by Ould), and was then known as Bidston Court. In 1921 the house was sold to Sir Ernest Royden, and he arranged for the house to be dismantled and rebuilt on the present site, at Royden Park, between 1928 and 1931.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is built on a U-plan. It is constructed in timber framing on a stone base, and has stone and brick chimney stacks and a slate roof. There are multiple gables and the half-timber exterior framing is highly decorated. Internally there is a great hall with an organ gallery and an open roof. In the great hall is a Jacobean fireplace dated 1527, said to have come from a house of Sir Walter Raleigh, stained glass windows by William Morris, and a pair of church screen doors dating from the 13th century. In a room now used as a restaurant is a fire surround dated 1795 and designed by Robert Adam.</p><br>
<p>It has been claimed that Bidston Court so impressed Crown Prinz Wilhelm of Germany that he built a copy of it in Potsdam. However the authors of the Buildings of England series point out that this is untrue, and that the house in Potsdam was only vaguely inspired by Bidston Court.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>The house is now used as a hotel, and is known as Hillbark Hotel. It is licensed for weddings, and offers facilities for conferences. The hotel was used for the Juice FM Style Awards, which was filmed and featured in the reality television programme Desperate Scousewives on 29 November 2011 on E4.</p><br>
<p>The grounds adjoining the hotel are used by the Hillbark Players, who present traditional open-air Shakespeare plays every two years in a purpose built theatre in the woods with all seats under cover. The group take their name from Hillbark House and have been performing here since 1964 (the 400th anniversary of Shakespeare&#39;s birth). Productions take place in June, in odd-numbered years.</p><br>
<p>Lakeside Park is a historic "pleasure ground" park located at Owasco on Owasco Lake in Cayuga County, New York. It is a 40 acre park located within the boundaries of Emerson Park, a 130 acre municipal park system. The property includes four contributing design and architectural features: the remaining 25 acre park, including the primary and secondary paths and walkways, vistas, vegetation, and cast-iron lampposts and benches; and the Pavilion, Carousel Shelter, and Refreshment / Concession Stand. The park was originally designed and laid out in 1895 by the Auburn and Syracuse Electric Railroad Company. A Charles I. D. Looff carousel was installed in 1900. In 1908, this ride was replaced by another Looff carousel. The focal point of the property is the Pavilion; a Colonial Revival style dance hall and restaurant facility completed in July 1912. The Carousel Shelter, a twelve-sided structure built in 1921, once held a 1915 Herschell Spillman Company carousel with 51 animals. In 1972, it was converted into a summer theater. The Refreshment / Concession was also built in 1921 and moved to its present location in 1921.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Mt. Cuba Center is a non-profit botanical garden located in Hockessin, Delaware, near Wilmington, in the gently rolling hills of the Delaware Piedmont. Its woodland gardens produce some of the most spectacular displays of wildflowers in the mid-Atlantic region. Mt. Cuba is open to the public from April through October for general admission, guided tours and special programs. Education courses, including a Certificate in Ecological Gardening are offered year-round. Through horticulture, education, research, and visitation, Mt. Cuba Center strives to fulfill its mission to inspire an appreciation for the beauty and value of native plants and a commitment to protect the habitats that sustain them.</p><br>
<h2>Gardens</h2><br>
<p>Mt. Cubas well-documented plant collection is focused on the study of eastern North American flora, with emphasis on the Appalachian Piedmont. The collections hold over 6,500 accessions. Horticultural research focuses on Coreopsis, Heuchera, Baptisia, and Trillium. Mt. Cuba Center is a "national collection" holder for Hexastylis and Trillium. Several of its introductions are widely popular, including Aster laevis Bluebird, Aster novae-angliae Purple Dome and Solidago sphacelata Golden Fleece&#39;.</p><br>
<p>The Center encompasses a diverse set of grounds, ranging from a Lilac Alleé, Formal Garden, and South Terrace to more natural gardens including the Dogwood Path, Meadow, Pond Garden, West Slope Path, Woods Path and Rock Wall.</p><br>
<p>The 6,500 accessions of plants in the collection represent more than 2,200 taxa on a diverse set of grounds, ranging from formal to naturalistic gardens. Garden areas include native plant meadows, woodland and pond gardens and historic non-native plantings such as a lilac alleé. A prominent trial garden has focused Horticultural research on the genera Coreopsis, Heuchera, Baptisia, Monarda and Trillium and several of its introductions are widely popular, including Aster laevis Bluebird, Aster novae-angliae Purple Dome and Solidago sphacelata Golden Fleece. Mt. Cuba Center is an American Public Gardens Association Plant Collections Network holder for Hexastylis and Trillium.</p><br>
<p>Mt. Cuba Center&#39;s over 500 acres of Natural Lands surround the gardens and managed landscapes and consist of steeply rolling hills, stream valleys, rock outcrops, and deciduous forests. Mt. Cuba Center focuses on restoration and conservation in its Natural Lands which available to the public through educational programs and through science-based research projects and collaborations.</p><br>
<h2>Education</h2><br>
<p>Mt. Cuba Center offers continuing education classes in horticulture, conservation, art and wellness. Participants have the option of following educational tracks leading towards a certificate in ecological gardening, which emphasizes the importance of gardening in the context of a greater ecosystem. Mt. Cuba also offers a 12-week summer internship program and a fellowship supporting field research.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mt. Cuba Center is the former home and family estate of Lammot du Pont Copeland and his wife Pamela Cunningham Copeland. In 1935, the Copelands built a stately Colonial Revival manor house near the village of Mt. Cuba, outside of Wilmington, Delaware. The Copelands were prominent members of the community. Mr. Copeland served as President and Chairman of the DuPont Company, while Mrs. Copeland was a leader in many community and cultural organizations. During the late 1930s, formal areas were designed first by the prominent Philadelphia landscape architect Thomas W. Sears and later, in the 1950s, by noted landscape designer Marian Cruger Coffin.</p><br>
<p>In the 1960s, the Copelands were becoming acutely aware of a changing land ethic and they became more interested in ecology and the need for conservation. Mrs. Copeland, in particular, was increasingly concerned about wildflowers and the impact on them by development and unscrupulous practices. In response, landscape architect, Seth Kelsey, was hired to develop the woodland wildflower gardens with native plants, design their ponds, and plan many woodland garden paths.</p><br>
<p>In 1983, Dr. Richard Lighty was hired by the Copelands as their first Director of Horticulture. The Copelands expanded their horticultural endeavors to study native plants of the Appalachian Piedmont, the beginnings of a botanic garden on a private estate. In the late 1980s, Mt. Cuba Center began hosting visitors by offering docent-led tours during the spring. Mt. Cuba Center horticulturists also began documenting their increasingly diverse native plant collections.</p><br>
<p>In 2001, Copeland died. Mt. Cuba Center was no longer a botanic garden on a private estate but a public garden for all to be inspired about native plants. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>In 2005, the first Wildflower Celebration made its debut on the last Sunday of April. Coinciding with the height of woodland wildflower bloom time, this was a chance for visitors to stroll freely and interact with staff. Continuing education classes started in 2006.</p><br>
<p>In July 2012, the Trial Garden was unveiled, showcasing a 5000-square-foot shade structure solidifying a commitment to provide outstanding research information to the public. In 2013, Mt. Cuba Center launched general admission during the spring, summer, and fall seasons.</p><br>
<p>The St. Peter&#39;s Episcopal Church Complex is a historic Episcopal church complex located at 169 Genesee Street in Auburn. The complex consists of the church, the Parish House, a cemetery, and a small burial plot.</p><br>
<p>The church as built in 1868–1870 was designed by noted architect Henry Dudley in the Gothic Revival style. It is constructed of rock faced limestone laid in random ashlar and trimmed with dressed limestone. It is composed of a rectangular shaped nave, flanked by side aisles and intersected by a compact transept, with an offset bell tower and spire highlighting an asymmetrically arranged facade. A large rose window is centered within the gable field of the nave.</p><br>
<p>The Parish House is a -story, H-shaped structure competed c.1930 and designed by William J. Beardsley in the late Gothic Revival style. The earliest burials date to about 1812, when the first Church of St. Peter occupied this site. The burial plot includes the remains of Enos T. Throop (1784–1874), Governor of New York from 1829 to 1833.</p><br>
<p>The parish is now known as the Saints Peter and John Episcopal Church.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Butterberg is an elongated hill northeast of the spa town of Bad Harzburg in Goslar district, in the German state of Lower Saxony. Its long crest, which since 1952 is protected as a nature reserve, reaches a height of.</p><br>
<p>Part of the northern Harz foothills, the hill is located north of the Harz Nature Park at the rim of the Harz National Park. The Butterberg is part of the Harz - Brunswick Land - Eastphalia National Geopark; its steeply inclined strata belong to the Northern Harz Boundary Fault. In the west, the hill is bounded by the Radau river and the parallel Bundesstraße 4 highway. The mountain-ridge path offers scenic views to the Harz mountains and over the North German Plain.</p><br>
<p>The name Butter is associated with Low German buten (i.e. "outside", c.f. Buten and binnen). These are therefore hills lying outside or on the edge of given places. There are many other "Butterberg" hills in German-speaking regions.</p><br>
<p>Pollnagollum–Poulelva  is an active stream passage cave situated in County Clare, Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>At over 16 km in length, Pollnagollum is the longest cave on the island of Ireland and the third deepest cave in the republic. The system primarily consists of winding stream passages which interconnect in various ways, offering a great variety of through trips. The cave is usually entered via the Pollnagollum entrance, with the main streamway encountered a short distance inside.</p><br>
<p>The main streamway continues for most of the length of the cave with several smaller inlets entering along its length. Near the southern end of the cave the 30 m Poulelva pot is encountered; the two entrances are often used for through-trips. Much of the water in the cave is fed from the sinks of Upper Pollnagollum, at the point where surface water runs off the shale bedrock and sinks into the permeable limestone. The terminus of the cave is a low bedding plane which eventually becomes too low to progress. The water resurges at the Killaney rising to the south of the cave.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first known exploration of the cave was by T. J. Westropp in 1880, venturing as far as the Main Junction, but it was not until the 20th century that serious exploration began. E. A. Baker undertook the first systematic exploration of the cave in 1912 and returned in 1925. During the 1925 trip, Baker carried out a partial survey. In 1935 the Yorkshire Ramblers&#39; Club recorded the first descent of Poulelva. In 1944 the Royal Irish Academy published a major survey and article by J. C. Coleman and N. J. Dunnington.</p><br>
<p>In 1952 cavers from the RAF discovered Branch Passage Gallery and in 1953 they connected it to the rest of the cave. A full survey was carried out in the 1960s by the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society, by which time 10 km of cave had been discovered. The survey has been kept up to date by the society as cavers continue to add to its length to this day. Pollnagollum is one of the most popular and most visited caves in the country for cavers, and is often done as a beginners&#39; trip.</p><br>
<p>Sand Beach Church is a historic Reformed Church church located in the Town of Fleming near Auburn in Cayuga County, New York. It is a Romanesque Revival style brick structure built in 1854-1855 on the site of an earlier 1807 frame church. The church features a square bell tower that once stood 82 feet high, but was modified to its present form after a fire in 1935. The former church building was purchased by Sean Lattimore on August 3, 2007 for use by the nearby Springside Inn Restaurant. Adjacent to the church is a cemetery with burials dating to the early 19th century. On August 17, 1978; all of the assets of the Owasco Lake Cemetery Association, including both the former Sand Beach Cemetery and adjacent Owasco Lake Cemetery land parcels, were deeded to become owned by the Town of Fleming NY. Noted missionary Samuel Robbins Brown  served as pastor from 1851 to 1859 and in 1867 upon his return from Japan.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Großer Burgberg is a ca. 483 m high hill on the northern rim of the Harz mountains range, right on the edge of Bad Harzburg in Lower Saxony.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>It is situated east of the valley of the Radau River, where it leaves the Harz range and flows through the northern foothills towards its confluence with the Oker. The southern outskirts of Bad Harzburg reach up to the foot of the forested slopes.</p><br>
<p>North of the Großer Burgberg summit is the Kleiner Burgberg spur at 436.5 m. Both peaks offer sweeping views over the town and the Northern Lowland. On the Burgberg plateau are foundations of medieval Harzburg Castle and the Canossa Column at 482.8 m, erected in 1877 in the honour of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck.</p><br>
<p>Since 1929 the Burgberg Cable Car runs up to the summit from the Radau River and the B 4 federal road.</p><br>
<p>Reina del Mar was a cruise ship which was built by Vickers-Armstrongs in 1950. Originally named Ocean Monarch, she served with Furness Withy for fifteen years, then with a Bulgarian company for three years, renamed Varna. She spent much of the 1970s laid up, and was renamed Venus and then Riviera. In the early 1980s, she was renamed Reina del Mar and refitted for further use as a cruise ship, but a fire gutted her; and she was scuttled on 1 June 1981 after another fire broke out.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ocean Monarch was built by Vickers-Armstrongs Ltd, Walker, at a cost of £2,500,000. She was yard number 119, and was launched on 27 July 1950, with completion in March 1951. She was the first postwar-built ship designed especially for the American cruise market. Ocean Monarch was awarded a gold medal by the American Institute for Designing for her "outstanding beauty and unusual design features of a cruise ship".</p><br>
<p>Ocean Monarch was used on the New York - Bermuda route. As well as conveying passengers she was used to supply fresh drinking water to the island. She served with Furness Withy via subsidiary Furness Bermuda Line until 1966. On 22 September she was laid up in the River Fal, Cornwall. In 1967, she was sold to Navigation Maritime Bulgare and renamed Varna. Operated by Balkantourist, Varna, She was used on cruises from Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Varna was laid up in 1970 at Perama, Greece. In 1973, Varna was chartered by Sovereign Cruises, but only made two voyages with them. She was then laid up again. Her name was changed to Venus in 1977, and Riviera in 1978. in 1979, she was refurbished for use by Trans-Tirreno Express.</p><br>
<p>She was chartered by SUR-Seereisen, Germany, who announced a series of Mediterranean cruises to take place in summer 1981. Her name was changed to Reina del Mar. Before these cruises took place the ship was renovated. On 28 May 1981, a fire broke out which completely gutted the passenger accommodation. The ship was towed out of Ambelakia, where the renovation was being carried out. The tow parted and Reina del Mar ran aground on Salamina Island. After being refloated, she was moored near Rasa Sayang, which had also been gutted by fire. On 1 June 1981, a new fire broke out on Reina del Mar, and she was then scuttled off Kynosoura.</p><br>
<h2>Description and propulsion</h2><br>
<p>The ship had a crew of c250 and carried up to 414 passengers, all 1st class. She was 561 ft long with a beam of 72 ft.</p><br>
<p>The James John Eldred House is a historic house located in Bluffdale Township near Eldred, Illinois. The house was built in 1861 by James J. Eldred, who lived in the home with his family until 1901. The house was designed in the Greek Revival style and also includes features of the Italianate style. The front of the house has five symmetrical bays and a front porch. The main entry, located in the porch, is bordered by sidelights and a transom. The houses cornice features Greek Revival dentils and pediments and Italianate bracketing. Palladian windows are located on the houses east and west sides. Many of the interior details of the house are original, including its fireplace mantels and much of its woodwork.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 25, 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Beall-Orr House is a historic house located at 503 Cherry St. in Mount Carmel, Illinois.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Built circa 1870, the house was designed in a combination of the Italianate and Classical Revival styles. The two-story house features a low-pitched hip roof with an extensively ornamented bracketed cornice and frieze. The homes front entrance is elaborately decorated, and the houses tall, narrow arched windows are topped with stone lintels. The Classical Revival front porch is supported by Tuscan columns. The three gable ends of the house have fan-shaped windows, another feature of Classical Revival design.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was originally occupied by Mary J. and Edward F. Beall, members of Mount Carmels wealthy Beall family. In 1908, Judith Keneipp Orr purchased the house. Orr added the homes Classical Revival elements during repair work after a 1918 fire. Orrs daughter married Dr. Harold A. Elkins, a prominent local physician who ran his practice from the house. After Elkinss death, his daughter Judith occupied the house until her 1991 death.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 4, 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Robert Vial House is a historic house located at 7425 S. Wolf Rd. in Burr Ridge, Illinois. Built in 1856, the house is the oldest in Burr Ridge and the only example of an early farmhouse in the community. The house was designed in the upright-and-wing form of the Greek Revival style and also features elements of the Italianate and Classical Revival styles. The two-story house has a front gable and a -story side wing. The houses main entrance is bordered by sidelights and a transom and framed by pilasters supporting a plain pediment. The front of the house has five six-over-six wood sash windows with wooden shutters. The wing has a front porch with a sloping overhang supported by columns. The houses main eave features ornamental Italianate brackets.</p><br>
<p>Robert Vial was the second son of Joseph Vial, an early settler of Lyons Township who was also the areas first postmaster and a founder of Lyonsville Congregational Church. Robert built the house for himself in 1856. He operated one of the largest farms in the area, and his farms had the first silo constructed in Cook County. Vial also served as a school director, township supervisor and treasurer of schools and as deacon of the Lyonsville Congregational Church, as had his father before him. After Robert Vials death, his children converted his farm to a golf course, and the farmhouse became the course&#39;s clubhouse (both are gone now, having been converted into a housing development in what is now Western Springs, Illinois). In 1989, the Flagg Creek Heritage Society moved the house from its original location on Plainfield Road to its current site a few miles to the south on Wolf Road. The society restored the house and later turned it into a local history museum.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 31, 2007.</p><br>
<p>Sennett Federated Church and Parsonage is a historic church formed in 1929 from the combining of Baptist and Congregational churches located in the hamlet of Sennett, in the town of Sennett in Cayuga County, New York. Both congregations were committed to the abolition movement and to the Underground Railroad. The church was constructed in 1848 for the Congregational church and probably incorporates part of an earlier 1820 church building. The parsonage was built in 1818 and was constructed as a 16 feet by 24 feet frame building. It was enlarged in the mid 19th century into a typical Greek Revival style gable and wing building, perhaps incorporating the earlier structure as the west wing.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The church was covered in vinyl siding in the 1990s. The vinyl covers cornices, sides, eaves, and even two of the main four pillars of the front facade. The stained glass windows from the early 20th century are protected by plastic sheets. Railings which might appear to be original are not; they are vinyl as well. Only the two round pillars seem to be anything like original surfaces.</p><br>
